Gastric acid is a digestive fluid produced in the stomach, primarily composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium chloride (NaCl). It plays a vital role in breaking down food, killing harmful bacteria, and aiding in the absorption of nutrients. The acidity of gastric acid helps activate enzymes like pepsin, which are essential for protein digestion.
Adequate gastric acid levels are important for maintaining digestive health, while imbalances—either too much or too little acid—can lead to digestive issues like heartburn, acid reflux, or malabsorption of nutrients.