Cellular immunity is a crucial component of the immune system that involves the activation of T cells and other immune cells to protect the body against infections and diseases. Unlike humoral immunity, which relies on antibodies, cellular immunity directly targets and destroys infected or abnormal cells.

Key Components:

  • T Cells: Includes helper T cells (CD4+) that assist in activating other immune cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) that kill infected or cancerous cells.
  • Natural Killer (NK) Cells: Part of the innate immune system, these cells can recognize and destroy infected or tumor cells without prior sensitization.
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): Cells like dendritic cells that capture and present antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response.

Functions:

  • Infection Control: Cellular immunity plays a vital role in combating viral, fungal, and some bacterial infections.
  • Tumor Surveillance: T cells and NK cells help detect and eliminate cancerous cells.
  • Autoimmune Response: In some cases, cellular immunity can mistakenly target the body's own cells, leading to autoimmune disorders.

Supporting Cellular Immunity:

  • Nutrition: A nutritious diet that includes a variety of vitamins and minerals is essential for maintaining optimal immune function.
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity enhances immune response.
  • Probiotics: Emerging research suggests that probiotics may modulate immune responses and support cellular immunity.

Importance of Cellular Immunity:
Maintaining strong cellular immunity is essential for overall health and resilience against infections and diseases.